Imperfect

Characterization for imperfect polarizers under imperfect conditions.

The principles for measuring the extinction ratio and transmittance of a polarizer are formulated by use of the principal Mueller matrix, which includes both polarization and depolarization. The extinction ratio is about half of the depolarization, and the contrast is the inverse of the extinction ratio. Errors in the extinction ratio caused by partially polarized incident light and the misalig...

Future imperfect

It is widely known that our closest relatives, the great apes, which hold some of the potentially richest genetic insights into our own evolution, are under threat in their natural environments. But a new assessment of our only Asian cousin, the orangutan, by the Worldwide Fund for Nature suggests numbers have declined by 90 per cent over the past century and that extinction in the wild may occ...

Imperfect Checking

This article presents a unified solution to two long-standing problems concerning successive cyclicity. First, under the minimalist program of Chomsky (1995), a trigger for successive-cyclic wh-movement to [–wh] SpecC positions must be identified. Second, as noted by den Besten & Webelhuth (1990), there is a strict prohibition against unbound intermediate traces that result from a combination o...

Imperfect and defective outputs in production process

Learning from imperfect data

For a supervised learning method, the quality of the training data or the training supervisor is very important in generating reliable neural networks. However, for real world problems, it is not always easy to obtain high quality training data sets. In this research, we propose a learning method for a neural network ensemble model that can be trained with an imperfect training data set, which ...